The sons of Zilpah, Leah's handmaid Gad and Asherĭeuteronomy 27:12–13 lists the twelve tribes:.

The sons of Bilhah, Rachel's handmaid Dan and Naphtali.

The sons of Rachel Joseph and Benjamin (Jacob's last-born).

The sons of Leah Reuben (Jacob's firstborn), Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, and Zebulun.

The sons of Jacob were born in Padan-aram from different mothers, as follows: Jacob also had at least one daughter, Dinah, whose descendants were not recognized as a tribe. The Israelites were the descendants of twelve sons of the biblical patriarch Jacob. Sons and tribes Parentage of Jacob's twelve sons, per Genesis 35

Joseph, despite being the second-youngest son, received double the inheritance of his brothers, treated as if he were the firstborn son instead of Reuben, and so his tribe was later split into two tribes, named after his sons, Ephraim and Manasseh. Jacob was known to display favoritism among his children, particularly for Joseph and Benjamin, the sons of his favorite wife, Rachel, and so the tribes themselves were not treated equally in a divine sense. The twelve sons form the basis for the twelve tribes of Israel, listed in the order from oldest to youngest: Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Dan, Naphtali, Gad, Asher, Issachar, Zebulun, Joseph, and Benjamin. From what is known of Jacob, he had two wives, sisters Leah and Rachel, and two concubines, Bilhah and Zilpah, by whom he had thirteen children. According to biblical texts, he was chosen by God to be the patriarch of the Israelite nation. Jacob, later called Israel, was the second-born son of Isaac and Rebecca, the younger twin brother of Esau, and the grandson of Abraham and Sarah. In modern scholarship, there is skepticism as to whether there ever were twelve Israelite tribes, with the use of the number 12 thought more likely to signify a symbolic tradition as part of a national founding myth, although some scholars disagree with this view. The tribes were through his twelve sons through his wives, Leah and Rachel, and his concubines, Bilhah and Zilpah. The Twelve Tribes of Israel ( Hebrew: שִׁבְטֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵל‎, romanized: Šīḇṭēy Yīsrāʾēl, lit.'Tribes of Israel') are, according to Hebrew scriptures, the descendants of the biblical patriarch Jacob (also known as Israel), who collectively form the Israelite nation.

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